Relative Subsidies to Energy Sources: GSI estimates

The true scale of energy subsidies is difficult to ascertain, due to different definitions of subsidies, calculation methodologies, levels of transparency and data collection regimes in different countries around the world. This working paper summarizes a series of estimates of how large subsidies might be, by energy source, based on a preliminary investigation of publicly available research.

It also outlines the assumptions behind the estimates. The estimates will be progressively refined as the Global Subsidies Initiative's (GSI) program on fossil-fuel subsidy reform progresses.

For GSI's in-depth reports on biofuel subsidies, fossil-fuel subsidies and more, please click here.